Ford F-Series

Ford F-Series

Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	1948–present
Successor	Ford Super Duty (F-250, F-350, F-450, F-550, F-650, F-750)
Class	Full-size pickup truck
Layout	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive

The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company which has been sold continuously for over six decades. The most popular variant of the F-Series is the F-150. It was the best-selling vehicle in the United States for 24 years, currently the best-selling truck for 34 years,^[1] and the best selling vehicle in Canada,^[2] though this does not include combined sales of GM pickup trucks.^[3] In the tenth generation of the F-series, the F-250 and F-350 changed body style in 1998 and joined the Super Duty series.

During the post-WWII era, smaller Canadian rural communities had access to either a Ford dealer or a Lincoln-Mercury-Meteor dealer, but not both; a Mercury-badged version was sold at Lincoln-Mercury-Meteor dealers there from 1946-1968. Other than the grilles, trim, and badging, these trucks were identical to their Ford counterparts.

Contents 1 First generation (1948–1952) 2 Second generation (1953–1956) 3 Third generation (1957–1960) 4 Fourth generation (1961–1966) 5 Fifth generation (1967–1972) 6 Sixth generation (1973–1979) 7 Seventh generation (1980–1986) 7.1 Powertrain 7.2 Axles and differentials 8 Eighth generation (1987-1991) 8.1 F-Super Duty 9 Ninth generation (1992–1996/1997) 10 Tenth generation (1997–2004) 11 Eleventh generation (2004–2008) 11.1 Awards, sales accomplishments 12 Twelfth generation (2009–present) 12.1 Safety 12.2 Concepts 13 Special models 13.1 SVT Lightning 13.1.1 1993-1995 13.1.2 1999-2004 13.2 SVT Raptor 13.2.1 Body, frame, and features 13.2.2 2011 frame issues 13.3 2010 Harley-Davidson F-150 13.4 F-150 Platinum 14 Motorsports 15 Awards and recognition 16 Sales 17 Notes 18 See also 19 Footnotes 20 References 21 External links

First generation (1948–1952)

First generation

Production	1948–1952
Assembly	Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Long Beach, California, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA St. Louis, Missouri, USA Hapeville, Georgia, USA Highland Park, Michigan, USA
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door panel truck
Engine	226 cu in (3.7 L) Straight-6 239 cu in (3.9 L) Flathead V8 254 cu in (4.2 L) Straight-6 337 cu in (5.5 L) Flathead V8 215 cu in (3.5 L) Straight-6 279 cu in (4.6 L) Y-block V8 317 cu in (5.2 L) Y-block V8
Transmission	3-speed manual 4-speed manual 5-speed manual

The first F-Series truck (known as the Ford Bonus-Built) was introduced in 1948 as a replacement for the previous car-based pickup line introduced in 1941. It had a flat, one-piece windshield and integrated headlamps.^[4] It had a wider cab.^[5] Options included the "See-Clear" windshield washer (operated by foot plunger), passenger-side windshield wiper & sun visor, and passenger-side taillight. The F-1 truck was also available with additional chrome trim and two horns as an option. All F-series were available with optional "Marmon-Herrington All Wheel Drive" until 1959.

Design of the F-Series truck changed tremendously from 1950 to 1954. From 1948 to 1950, the grill was a series of horizontal bars and the headlights were set into the fenders. For 1951 and 1952, the headlights were connected by a wide aerodynamic cross piece with three similarly aerodynamic supports. The rear window was wider in the later trucks and the dashboard was redesigned.

F-Series trucks were assembled at sixteen different Ford factories. Serial numbers indicate the truck model, engine, year, assembly plant, and unit number. The most common model was the F-1 with a 6 ½-foot bed followed by the F-2 and F-3 Express models with an 8-foot (2.4 m) bed.

The models are:

• F-1: 1/2 ton (4,700 GVWR max)
• F-2: 3/4 ton (5,700 GVWR max)
• F-3: Heavy Duty 3/4 ton (6,800 GVWR max)
• F-3: Parcel Delivery (7,000 GVWR max) & optional rear spring pkg (7,800 GVWR max)
• F-4: 1 ton (7,500 GVWR max) & optional 1¼ ton pkg (10,000 GVWR max)
• F-5: 1½ ton: Conventional, school bus, and cab over engine (C.O.E.) (10,000–14,500 GVWR)
• F-6: 2 ton: Conventional, school bus, and C.O.E. (14,000–16,000 GVWR)
• F-7: Conventional (17,000–19,000 GVWR)
• F-8: Conventional (20,000–22,000 GVWR)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Usage
226 CID Flathead 6	1948–51	95 hp (71 kW) at 3,300 rpm	F-1 through F-6
239 CID Flathead V8	1948–52	100 hp (75 kW) at 3,800 rpm	F-1 through F-6
254 CID Flathead 6	1948–51	110 hp (82 kW) at 3,400 rpm	F-6 only
337 CID Flathead V-8	1948–51	145 hp (108 kW) at 3,600 rpm	F-7 and F-8
215 CID OHV Straight-6	1952–53	101 hp (75 kW)
279 Y-block (EAL)	1952–55	145 hp (108 kW) at 3,800 rpm	F-7 only
317 Y-block (EAM)	1952–55	155 hp (116 kW) at 3,900 rpm	F-8 only

Transmissions:

• 3-speed light-duty, F-1 only
• 3-speed heavy-duty, F-1 through F-5
• 4-speed (spur gear), F-1 through F-6
• 4-speed Synchro-Silent, F-4 through F-6
• 5-speed overdrive, F-7 and F-8
• 5-speed direct drive, F-7 and F-8

Second generation (1953–1956)

Second generation

Production	1953–1956 1957-1962 (Brazil)
Assembly	Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Long Beach, California, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA St. Louis, Missouri, USA São Paulo, Brazil Hapeville, Georgia, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA San Jose, California, USA Highland Park, Michigan, USA
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door panel truck
Engine	215 CID (3.5 L) I6 223 CID (3.7 L) Mileage Maker I6 239 CID (3.9 L) Flathead V8 239 CID (3.9 L) Y-block V8 272 CID (4.5 L) Y-block V8
Transmission	Heavy-duty 3-speed manual[6] 3-speed with overdrive[7] 4-speed manual Ford-O-Matic[8]
Wheelbase	110"(F-100) 118"(F-250)[9]
Length	189.1[10]

The F-Series was redesigned for 1953 with a more integrated look. The pickups also acquired their now familiar names: The F-1 now became the F-100, the F-2 now became the F-250, and the F-3 now became the 1-ton F-350. Optional interior amenities were new, including a dome light, lighter, arm rests, sun visors and a radio. On March 13, 1953, the "Ford-O-Matic" automatic transmission became an option.

The 1953 F-100 was the last year for the flathead in the US. Canadian models, however, (Mercury M-Series), retained the flathead. 1954 saw the introduction of the new 239 CID overhead valve Y-block 8-cylinder, dubbed "Power King." The six-cylinder engine's displacement was also increased from 215 to 223 CID and power steering was introduced as an option. In 1955 the 239 Y-block was replaced with the 272 and 292.

The 1956 F-100 is a one-year only body style. The 1956 F-100 is easily identified as it has vertical windshield pillars and a wrap around windshield as opposed to the sloped pillars and angled windshield of the 1953-55. The 1956 model also offered a larger wrap-around back window as an option. Starting in 1956, Ford offered the very rare "Low GVWR" versions of each model. Also in 1956, seat belts became an option.^[11]

Second generation trucks were built in Brazil from 1957 to 1962 as the F-100, F-350 and F-600.

Models:

• F-100: 1/2 ton (5,000 GVWR max)
• F-110: 1/2 ton (4,000 GVWR max)
• F-250: 3/4 ton (7,400 GVWR max)
• F-260: 3/4 ton (4,900 GVWR max)
• F-350: 1 ton (9,800 GVWR max)
• F-360: 1 ton (7,700 GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power
215 CID Straight-6	1953	101 hp (75 kW)
239 CID Flathead V8	1953	100 hp (75 kW)
223 CID Mileage Maker I6	1954–55	115 hp (86 kW)
239 CID Y-block V8	1954–55	130 hp (97 kW)
223 CID Mileage Maker I6	1956	137 hp (102 kW)
272 CID Y-block V8	1956	173 hp (129 kW)

1953 Mercury M-100, a Canada-only rebadged F-100   1953 Ford F-100   1955 Ford F-100 (rear)   1956 Mercury M-100 pickup

Third generation (1957–1960)

Third generation

Production	1957–1960 1962-1971 (Brazil)
Assembly	Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Long Beach, California, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA St. Louis, Missouri, USA La Boca, Argentina São Paulo, Brazil Hapeville, Georgia, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA San Jose, California, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Lorain, Ohio, USA
Body style	2-door pickup
Engine	223 CID (3.7 L) Mileage Maker I6 272 CID (4.5 L) Y-block V8 292 CID (4.8 L) Y-block V8
Wheelbase	110"[12]

The truck was restyled again in 1957 with a hood that now sat flush^[13] with the fenders and a new chrome grille. In the back, Ford started its tradition of distinguishing the two types of pickup boxes; the traditional separate-fender body was called FlareSide, while a new smooth-sided look was known as StyleSide. Four-wheel drive drive-train, previously outsourced to Marmon-Herrington, was now produced in-house by Ford beginning in 1959. Ford still offered a "Low GVWR" version of each model. In May 1957 Ford discontinued building trucks at the Highland Park Ford Plant in Highland Park, Michigan. All light and medium trucks were transferred to 10 other plants in the USA. Heavy-duty trucks (above F-350) were transferred to Kentucky Truck Assembly in Louisville, Kentucky.

Third generation trucks were built in Brazil as the F-100, F-350 & F-600 from 1962 to 1971.

Models:

• F-100 (F10, F11, F14): 1/2 ton (4,000–5,000 GVWR max)
• F-100 (F18, F19)(4×4): 1/2 ton (4,000–5,600 GVWR max)
• F-250 (F25, F26): 3/4 ton (4,900–7,400 GVWR max)
• F-250 (F28, F29)(4×4): 3/4 ton (4,900–7,400 GVWR max)
• F-350 (F35, F36): 1 ton (7,700–9,800 GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power
223 CID Mileage Maker I6	1958–60	137 hp (102 kW)
272 CID Y-block V8	1958	173 hp (129 kW)
292 CID Y-block V8	1959–60	186 hp (139 kW)

1957 Ford F-100 Panel Van   Ford F-600 Fire Truck   1959 Ford F-100 Panel Van   1960 Ford F-Series pickup in Frankfurt, Germany

Fourth generation (1961–1966)

Fourth generation

Production	1961–1966
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Long Beach, California, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA St. Louis, Missouri, USA General Pacheco, Argentina Hapeville, Georgia, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA San Jose, California, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Lorain, Ohio, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	223 CID (3.7 L) I6 292 CID (4.8 L) Y-block V8 240 CID (3.9 L) I6 300 CID (4.9 L) I6 352 CID (5.8 L) FE V8
Wheelbase	115"[14]

The truck was completely redesigned for 1961 with a wider look; Ford also introduced a new style of truck. Unibody trucks, integrating the cab and the box, were produced from 1961 to 1963. From 1964 on, only the traditional separate cab and bed arrangement were available. Power was over 200 hp (150 kW) with the 1965 update of the powertrain. In 1965, the Twin I-Beam front suspension was introduced with coil springs. 1965 also marked the beginning of a completely different chassis; many parts from 1965-1979 interchange such as brakes and motor mounts. The 1965 and 1966 trucks have a "TWIN I-BEAM" emblem on the front fender. A 4-door crew cab version was also introduced in 1965, which would become a popular option. The Camper Special was built heavier for the slide in campers that were becoming increasingly popular during this time. Ford still offered a "Low GVWR" version of each model. In 1965, the Ranger name first appeared as a styling package for the F-Series pickup trucks. The interior featured bucket seats (from the Mustang) and a curtain over the gas tank.

In 1965, the 300-cubic inch (4.9 L) straight six was introduced (a larger version of the 240-cubic inch Six). It had 7 main bearings and timing gears (no chain or belt). The 300 six would remain in the F-Series lineup until the end of the 1996 model year.

Models:'

• F-100 (F10, F11, F14): 1/2 ton (4,000–5,000 GVWR max)
• F-100 (F18, F19)(4×4): 1/2 ton (4,000–5,600 GVWR max)
• F-250 (F25): 3/4 ton (7,400 GVWR max)
• F-250 (F26)(4×4): 3/4 ton (4,900 GVWR max)
• F-350 (F35): 1 ton (9,800 GVWR max)

Engines: Note: HP in Net HP

Engine	Years	Power
223 CID Mileage Maker I6	1961–64	114 hp (85 kW)
262 CID Mileage Maker I6	1961–64	132 hp (98 kW)
292 CID Y-block V8	1961–64	135 hp (101 kW)
240 CID Straight-6	1965–66	150 hp (110 kW)
300 CID Straight-6	1965–66	170 hp (130 kW)
352 CID FE V8	1965–66	172 hp (128 kW)

1961 Ford F-100 Pickup   1966 Mercury M-100‎   1966 Mercury M-350 Tow Truck   1966 Ford F-100 with optional toolbox in side of bed

Fifth generation (1967–1972)

Fifth generation

Production	1967–1972 1971-1992 (Brazil)
Assembly	Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela Cuautitlan, Mexico Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Long Beach, California, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA St. Louis, Missouri, USA General Pacheco, Argentina São Paulo, Brazil Hapeville, Georgia, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA San Jose, California, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada, Broadmeadows, Australia
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	240 CID (3.9 L) I6 300 CID (4.9 L) I6 352 CID (5.8 L) FE V8 360 CID (5.9 L) FE V8 390 CID (6.4 L) FE V8 302 CID (4.9 L) Windsor V8
Wheelbase	100: 131"(long bed)[15] 250: 131"[16][17] 350: 135"(short)[18] 159"(long)[19]

Another refresh came in 1967 along with a familiar name: the upscale Ranger trim line in addition to the base and Custom Cab trim levels. In 1968, federal regulations required all automotive manufacturers to add side marker reflectors or lights, so Ford redesigned the hood emblems to incorporate reflectors.^[20][21] The same year the trucks received larger versions of Ford's FE engine family with the introduction of the 360 and 390 cubic inch engines. Also changed for 1968 were the heater controls, arm rests, interior door handles and window cranks, and the upper trim moulding on models so equipped. Rear side marker reflectors were also added to the lower bed side panels in 1968, per government regulations. The 302 V8 became an option in late '69. The top trim for 1970 was now named Ranger XLT with Ranger, Sport Custom and Custom rounding off the rest of the line. The fifth generation bodies were noted for durability and simplicity of design making them a favorite for restoration.

Some trucks came with an outer flush mounted bed side compartment/tool box on the passenger side only. Trucks from the Fifth Generation can be identified as to year model by their year specific grille arrangements.

After the 1968 models, Ford discontinued the "Low GVWR" versions. Still available was the Camper Special option, along with the new Explorer Special (a limited edition trim and option package), Contractor's Special(including a behind the seat toolbox and 3/4 ton (F-250) suspension), Farm and Ranch Special, and Heavy-Duty Special. Most of these "specials" from 1967 to 1972 were made in relatively low numbers and are now becoming increasingly difficult to locate. Voltmeters and oil pressure gauges were optional.^[22]

The fifth-generation F-series was introduced in Brazil in 1971, which remained in production until circa 1992^[23] with a slight redesign and changes in its motorizations. It was the last Ford truck manufactured in the Ipiranga plant, that was soon closed. At the end of the 1972 F100 production a low number of trucks made had the 1973 body.

Models:

• F-100: 1/2 ton (5,600 GVWR max)
• F-110: 1/2 ton (4×4)(5,600 GVWR max)
• F-250: 3/4 ton (7,500 GVWR max)
• F-260: 3/4 ton (4×4)(4,800 GVWR max)
• F-350: 1 ton (10,000 GVWR max)
• F-360: 1 ton (4×4)(6,000 GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power
240 CID Straight-6	1967–72	150 hp (110 kW)
300 CID Straight-6	1967–72	170 hp (130 kW)
352 CID FE V8	1967	208 hp (155 kW)
360 CID FE V8	1968–72	215 hp (160 kW)
390 CID FE V8	1967–72	255 hp (190 kW)
302 CID Windsor V8	1969–72	205 hp (153 kW)

Sixth generation (1973–1979)

Sixth generation

Production	1973–1979
Assembly	Dearborn, Michigan, USA Edison, New Jersey, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Louisville, Kentucky, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA San Jose, California, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Cuautitlan, Mexico General Pacheco, Argentina Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	240 CID (3.9 L) I6 300 CID (4.9 L) I6 360 CID (5.9 L) FE V8 390 CID (6.4 L) FE 302 CID (5.0 L) Windsor V8 460 CID (7.5 L) 385 V8 351 CID (5.8 L) 335 V8 400 CID (6.6 L) 335 V8

The F-Series was redesigned in 1973; the grille featured two silver-metallic plastic inserts divided by an aluminum bar that was part of the main grille frame, with the letters "F O R D" spaced out in a thin rail in the upper part of the grille. Large round headlights were on either side of the grille with the park/turn signal lamps placed above in the same rail where the "FORD" lettering was. Medium-duty models, however, weren't redesigned as drastically as the light-duty trucks. In fact they were incredibly similar to the fifth-generation medium-duty F-Series trucks. In 1976, this familiar "split-grille" design was facelifted slightly to feature black accents around the headlights and a refined appearance overall. In 1978, the round headlight design was retained for the regular Ranger and Custom trim levels. The XLT and "Lariat" trim level incorporated rectangular headlights with optional chrome headlight doors and chrome grille insert. The split grille design was overhauled in favor of a single-piece grille insert design. The headlights were also placed in a more stylized "insert" themselves, and the park/turn signal lamps were now placed below the headlights. Additionally, a new chrome-plated "F O R D" letter set could now be seen on the hood immediately above the grille. A luxury Lariat trim was also introduced for 1978. In 1979, the round headlights were replaced by rectangular headlamps across all the trim levels and the surrounding grille insert that framed the headlamps was now available in either black, or chrome to match that of the aluminum grille frame.

In 1973, a new model was offered, the F350 SRW (single rear wheel) pickup. These were a new heavy-duty pickup with contractors and camping enthusiasts in mind. The trucks rode on a longer-wheelbase chassis but were the same overall length as an F250 pickup. If you ordered the Camper Special package on an F350 SRW it became a Super Camper Special which was designed for the much heavier slide-in campers coming on the market at that time. Other changes included the 1974 introduction of the extended cab version, dubbed SuperCab. The F-150 was introduced in 1975 to help circumvent coming emissions requirements. These came with a maximum payload of 2,275 lb (1,032 kg) when properly equipped. With the 1/2 ton F-100 still in production, the new F-150 was referred to as the "heavy half" ton by some people.

In 1976, the F-series became the best-selling truck in America, a position it has continued to hold ever since. This generation is noted for the durability of the body panels as Ford used extensive amounts of galvanized sheet metal to fight corrosion. 1977 was the first year for smaller cowl insignias moved near the windshield and the last year for the medium-duty F-500.

The GVWR ratings for these trucks was tied to a combination of wheel, spring, axle and brake combinations. The series code on the ID tag denotes which model and from that it can be determined what weight rating each vehicle has. 4×4 trucks can also be identified by the VIN number and on the ID plate as a serial number. For example, F10 is an F-100 2-wheel drive, but F11 is an F-100 4×4, and so on. Serial numbers beginning with an "X" are SuperCab models.

Starting in 1978, Ford redesigned their Ford Bronco and based it upon the F-150. The Bronco was now virtually identical to the F-150, except for its unibody design structure. The new Bronco incorporated design characteristics which eliminated leaky roofs and body flex associated with other full size removable top utility vehicles of the era. This allowed Ford to compete better with the Chevrolet Blazer by offering a larger and more luxurious SUV while minimalizing production costs since many (especially the most complex and expensive) parts were shared with the F-series trucks. The Bronco was only offered with the 351M and 400 V8 engines.

Models:

• F100 F101 F102 F103 F104 F105 F106 F107 F108 F109 F10N: 1/2 ton (4,550–5,700 GVWR max)
• F110 F111 F112 F113 : 1/2 ton (4×4)(5,250–6,500 GVWR max)
• F150 F151 : "heavy" 1/2 ton (6,050–6,200 GVWR max)
• F140 F141 F142 F143: "heavy" 1/2 ton (4x4)(6,050–6,500 GVWR max)
• F250 F251 F252 F253 F254 F255 F256 F257 F258 F259: 3/4 ton (6,200–8,100 GVWR max)
• F260 F261 F262 F263 F264 F265 F266: 3/4 ton (4×4) (6,500–8,400 GVWR max)
• F350 F350 F351 F352 F353 F354 F355 F356 F357 F358 F359 F35P: 1 ton (6,000–10,000 GVWR max)
• F-360: 1 ton (4×4) (8,550 GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power (SAE net)
240 CID Straight-6	1973–77
300 CID I6	1973–79
302 CID Windsor V8	1969–72	130 hp (97 kW)
360 CID FE V8	1973–76	145 hp (108 kW)
390 CID FE V8	1973–77	195 hp (145 kW)
460 CID 385 V8	1973–79	200–220 hp (150–162 kW)
351 CID 351M V8	1977–79	150 hp (110 kW)
400 CID 400M V8	1977–79	169 hp (126 kW)

1973–1975 Ford F-100 XLT   1977 Ford F-150 Explorer   1978 – 79 Ford F100 Custom XLT, with right-hand drive in Australia   1978 Ford F-250

Seventh generation (1980–1986)

Seventh generation

Production	1980–1986
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Dearborn, Michigan, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA St. Paul, Minnesota, USA General Pacheco, Argentina Louisville, Kentucky, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada San Jose, California, USA
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	300 CID (4.9 L) I6 255 CID (4.2 L) Windsor V8 302 CID (5.0 L) Windsor V8 351 CID (5.8 L) Windsor V8 400 CID (6.6 L) 335 V8 460 CID (7.5 L) 385 V8 6.9 L (420 CID) Diesel V8

The next major redesign for the F-Series came for the 1980 model year. The new truck had a squarer look, with sharp lines and flat panels; the trucks were designed with improved fuel efficiency in mind, and to this end, Ford added its new AOD automatic overdrive (four-speed) transmission as an option on light-duty models. The upscale Ranger trim line was dropped from the F-Series in 1982; Ranger was subsequently applied to the replacement for the Ford Courier compact-pickup line. Trim options became XL, XLS, and XLT Lariat. In 1982, a slightly re-designed grille appeared, featuring fewer vertical bars than the previous 1980–1981 grille; for the first time, the corporate Blue Oval logo made its appearance on the grille. This generation of Ford trucks are the latest to become popular restoration projects as most of these trucks are becoming emissions exempt in most states and now old enough to be registered as classics or antiques.

The F-100 was dropped as the base model at the end of 1983 and the now-familiar F-150 took its place as the base model F-Series truck for 1984. This generation also saw extensive use of galvanized body panels to fight corrosion which is now gaining them popularity among restorers. In Mexico, there is an "F-200" which was introduced in 1976. This variant remained until 1991.

The various changes that occurred between the 1981 and 1982 model years were accompanied by a slight cosmetic change- 1980–81 trucks have a plain grille with "FORD" spelled across the front of the hood in chrome lettering, similar to the previous generation. 1982–86 models had the letters removed, and a Ford oval placed in the center of the grille. This made the 1982 the first model year to feature a blue oval on the front, something that has been on every model that followed it, with the exception of the 2010 and 2011 F-150 SVT Raptor.^[24]

This generation saw two different sets of trim levels:

In 1980 and 1981, there was:

• Custom- Mainly Base model with manual locks/windows, vinyl seat, and black rubber floor mat,but could be had with other options.
• Ranger- Intermediate trim that added a color-keyed floor mat, chrome trim on the door panels,and woodtone dash trim.
• Ranger XLT- A step up from the Ranger that added better seat trim, a color-keyed headliner, color-keyed carpeting, aluminum tailgate trim and optional power windows/locks.
• Ranger Lariat- a step above the XLT that added a plusher interior,and Woodgrain Trim on the door panels.It also featured special "Lariat" emblems on the cab,as well as Ranger Lariat script above the radio.
• Explorer- a limited edition options and trim group with year specific stripes unique to the Explorer. Was combined with one of the other trim levels.^[25]

For 1982–1986:

• Base – basically the same as the Custom of the previous years.
• XL – replaced the intermediate Ranger trim for 1982 as the Ranger name would be used for Ford's new compact truck.
• XLS- a new trim level that featured a blacked-out grille, bumpers, headlight bezels, and windshield trim. It also featured a stripe graphics package and black and silver dash trim. Available exterior colors were red, silver, and black.
• XLT Lariat- featured floor carpeting, color-keyed headliner, a standard chrome grille, and optional power windows/door locks. 1984 saw the last year for woodgrain trim on the door panels as 1985–1986 models had a carpeted section applied to the door panels. In 1985 the tailgate trim was changed to a "flat" full width aluminum with a red "reflector" towards the bottom with chrome FORD letters.
• Explorer a limited edition options and trim group with optional year specific stripes unique to the Explorer– The Explorer trim line (1968–1986) was dropped for the 1987 models to introduce the Ford Explorer SUV in 1991. Explorer packages changed every year,and were only offered for a limited time each model year.
• Eddie Bauer-introduced for 1985, an outdoors-themed interior trim package with two-tone exterior paint. Originally also offered with the Bronco, the Eddie Bauer trim would spread to a number of other Ford light trucks.

Powertrain

The big-block 460 CID V8 was dropped for 1980, but returned in 1983 along with the 6.9 L V8 International Harvester IDI option. In 1982, the 335-series "Cleveland" V8s were discontinued. The 351M was replaced by the 351 Windsor (an older design that now made its debut in light trucks), while the 400 vanished altogether (Ford's competitors had ceased selling engines in that size range a few years before). The 5.0 L V8 switched over to fuel injection, first as an option in 1985 and then as standard in 1986.

The new Essex V6 was added in 1982, but didn't sell particularly well. It was dropped after 1983, and the long-lived 300 inline six continued as the standard engine through the series. Trucks equipped with the 3-speed manual transmission were the last American vehicles to have a column-shifted manual transmission.

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Torque	Notes
232 CID Essex V6	1982–83	110 hp (82 kW)	183 lb·ft (248 N·m)
255 CID Windsor V8	1980–81	115 hp (86 kW)	206 lb·ft (279 N·m)	2bbl
300 CID Straight-6	1980	117 hp (87 kW)	227 lb·ft (308 N·m)	1bbl
300 CID† Straight-6	1980	120 hp (89 kW)	229 lb·ft (310 N·m)	1bbl
300 CID Straight-6	1981–86	122 hp (91 kW)	255 lb·ft (346 N·m)	1bbl
302 CID Windsor V8	1980–85	133 hp (99 kW)	233 lb·ft (316 N·m)	2bbl
302 CID Windsor V8	1985–86	185 hp (138 kW)	270 lb·ft (366 N·m)	EFI
351 CID 351M V8	1980–82	136 hp (101 kW)	262 lb·ft (355 N·m)	2bbl
351 CID Windsor V8	1980–82	136 hp (101 kW)	262 lb·ft (355 N·m)	2bbl
351 CID Windsor V8	1983–85	150 hp (110 kW)	280 lb·ft (380 N·m)	2bbl
351 CID HO Windsor V8	1984–86	210 hp (160 kW)	305 lb·ft (414 N·m)	4bbl
400 CID† 400 V8	1980–82	136 hp (101 kW)	310 lb·ft (420 N·m)	2bbl
420 CID International Harvester IDI diesel V8†	1983–87	170 hp (130 kW)	315 lb·ft (427 N·m)	IDI
460 CID† 385 V8	1983–84	225 hp (168 kW)	380 lb·ft (515 N·m)	4bbl
460 CID†† 385 V8	1985–86	245 hp (183 kW)	385 lb·ft (522 N·m)	4bbl

† Only available F-250 HD and F-350
†† 1984–85 only available on HD F-250 and F-350 models, 1986 available all models

Axles and differentials

This generation was the first time Ford used Independent suspension on their full size 4x4 trucks. As well as being the first time any of the Big Three (automobile manufacturers) made a 4x4 full size truck without a solid front axle. Ford & Dana Corporation called this the Twin Traction Beam or TTB. The F-150 used a Dana 44 TTB. The rear was a Ford 9-inch axle with the Ford 8.8 axle being phased in, in 1983. The F-250 used a 8 lug version of the Dana 44 TTB called the Dana 44 TTBHD with the Dana 50 TTB being a option. The rear was a Dana 60 until 1985 when Ford phased out the axle for their own Sterling 10.25. The F-350 used the Dana 50 TTB in front until a mid-year change in 1985, when the F-350 was fitted with the Dana 60 solid front axle. For the rear axle the F-350 trucks used a Dana 60 for the single rear wheel trucks and a Dana 70 for the dual rear wheel trucks until 1985 when Ford once again phased in their own Sterling axle.

Eighth generation (1987-1991)

Eighth generation

Production	1987–1991
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Kansas City, Missouri, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA General Pacheco, Argentina São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil Louisville, Kentucky, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	4.9 L (300 CID) I6 5.0 L (302 CID) V8 5.8 L (351 CID) V8 7.5 L (460 CID) V8 6.9 L (420 CID) Diesel V8 7.3 L (444 CID) Diesel V8
Transmission	C6 3-speed automatic 4-speed automatic Borg-Warner T18 4-speed manual M5OD 5-speed manual ZF S5-42 5-speed manual
Wheelbase	116.8 in (2,967 mm) 133.0 in (3,378 mm) 138.8 in (3,526 mm) 155 in (3,937 mm) 168.4 in (4,277 mm)
Length	194.1 in (4,930 mm) 215.9 in (5,484 mm) 232.2 in (5,898 mm) 210.2 in (5,339 mm) 245.7 in (6,241 mm)
Width	79 in (2,007 mm)

The 1987 design was more streamlined, and maintenance items were made simpler. Rear antilock brakes were now standard, the first truck to boast this. The five speed Mazda M5OD transmission was added to the lineup in 1988, while still retaining the heavier built Borg-Warner T18 four speed manual transmission. Also for 1988, the flareside box was dropped. For 1987 the 4.9 L (300 CID) had standard fuel injection; for 1988, the 351 CID (5.8 L) and 7.5 L (460 CID) also gained fuel injection, with 1988 being the first year no carbureted engines were offered. 1988 also saw the replacement of the 6.9 L (420 CID) diesel V8 with a 7.3 L (444 CID) International Harvester IDI diesel V8 (now making 180 hp (130 kW). and 365 ft·lbf (495 N·m). of torque).

Four-wheel-drive improvements included the addition of automatic locking hubs for the F-150 in 1989, and for the rest in 1991. Starting in 1980 (to 1996), Ford offered a four-wheel-drive swing arm independent front suspension called Twin Traction Beam, or TTB. Based on its I-beam suspension from the mid '60s, Ford mounted a Dana 44 differential in the driver-side (front) axle beam and transmitted torque to the passenger-side wheel with a double U-jointed axleshaft. Radius arms and coil springs were still used on the F-150's, while the four-wheel-drive F-250s and F-350s got leaf springs. The F-250s received TTB Dana 50 axles and the F-350s got a solid axle Dana 60. The 5.0 L (302 CID) truck also had an optional "Touch Drive" electronic transfer case. Custom (Dropped after 1988), XL, XLT, and XLT Lariat were the trim options available. For 1991, a new "Nite" trim package was introduced. It included all blacked-out exterior trim and either a pink or blue/purple stripe and "Nite" decal on the sides of the cargo box. Some sources report that a sport suspension was included, although this is not certain.

F-Super Duty

The F-Super Duty (as the fender emblems stated) models appeared from 1987 to 1997. They were basically F-450s built as an "incomplete vehicle" (chassis cab) due to the fact that there was no bed installed and an aftermarket bed (specific to its future use) was added after the truck's initial build date. It came with dual fuel tanks with a dash-mounted toggle switch to switch between each tank while using only the one fuel gauge. It came with a PTO (Power Take-Off) used to power attachments (like winches or a dump bed) from the transmission. They were rated at about 15,000 lb (6,800 kg) GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). They came with either the standard 7.5 L (460 CID) gas V8 or the optional 7.3 L (444 CID) diesel V8. All wheels were 10-lug with DRW (Dual Rear Wheels). This model should not be confused with the "Super Duty" commercial line of trucks starting with the 1999 model year.

The models are:

• F-150: 1/2 ton (6,250 lb GVWR max)
• F-250: 3/4 ton (8,800 lb GVWR max)
• F-350: 1 ton (11,000 lb GVWR max)
• F-Super Duty: 1 ton plus (15,000 lb GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Torque	Notes
4.9 L I6	1987–91	165 hp (123 kW)	275 lb·ft (373 N·m)	EFI
5.0 L V8	1987–91	185 hp (138 kW)	270 lb·ft (370 N·m)	EFI
5.8 L V8	1987	210 hp (160 kW)	305 lb·ft (414 N·m)	4-bbl.
5.8 L V8	1988–91	210 hp (160 kW)	315 lb·ft (427 N·m)	EFI
7.5 L V8	1987	225 hp (168 kW)	362 lb·ft (491 N·m)	4-bbl.
7.5 L V8	1988–91	230 hp (170 kW)	390 lb·ft (530 N·m)	EFI
6.9 L Diesel V8	1982- 1987	170 hp (130 kW)	315 lb·ft (427 N·m)	IDI
7.3 L Diesel V8	1987–91	180 hp (130 kW)	345 lb·ft (468 N·m)	IDI

Ford F-350 U-Haul truck in Hampton, VA.   Ford F-250 SuperCab   Ford Truck with aftermarket flatbed

Ninth generation (1992–1996/1997)

Ninth generation

Production	1992–1997
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Kansas City, Missouri, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA General Pacheco, Argentina São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil Louisville, Kentucky, USA Wayne, Michigan, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada Valencia, Venezuela
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Engine	4.9 L (300 CID) I6 5.0 L (302 CID) V8 5.8 L (351 CID) V8 7.5 L (460 CID) V8 7.3 L (444 CID) diesel V8
Transmission	3-speed C6 automatic 4-speed E4OD automatic 4-speed AOD-E automatic 4-speed NP435 manual (1992) 5-speed M5OD manual 5-speed ZF S5-42 manual 5-speed ZF S5-47 manual
Wheelbase	reg. cab longbed: 133 in (3,378 mm) crew cab longbed: 168.4 in (4,277 mm) ext. cab longbed: 155 in (3,937 mm) reg. cab shortbed: 116.8 in (2,967 mm) ext. cab shortbed: 138.8 in (3,526 mm)
Length	197.1 in (5,006 mm) 213.3 in (5,418 mm) 219.1 in (5,565 mm) 235.3 in (5,977 mm) 248.9 in (6,322 mm)
Width	79 in (2,007 mm)
Related	Ford Bronco

The 1992 truck received a new aerodynamic-looking front end, a new dashboard, and the Flareside bed returned. The "Nite" package introduced in 1991 continued, but was dropped at the end of the 1992 model year.

The 1994 models brought several changes, including a driver's-side airbag, "CHMSL" third brake light, brake-shift interlock and CFC-free air conditioning. New options in 1994 included remote keyless entry with alarm, a compact disc player fitted into the regular stereo system, and a power driver's seat; an electrochromic inside rear view mirror was also offered in 1994 and 1995 as part of a luxury light package. Following the lead of the Explorer, an Eddie Bauer trim line — featuring plusher trim and increased standard features — was added for 1995.

Ford trailed rival General Motors in combined truck sales for much of the ninth generation, though sales steadily rose each year. 500,000 F-Series trucks were sold in 1992, but this rose to nearly 800,000 by 1996, and the Ford had overtaken the combined Chevrolet and GMC pickup sales for the first time in a decade.

Models:

• F-150: 1/2 ton (6,100 lb GVWR max)
• F-250: 3/4 ton (8,300 lb GVWR max)
• F-250 HD: 1992–1997 Heavy Duty 3/4 ton (8,800 GVWR max)
• F-350: 1 ton (10,000 lb GVWR max)
• F-Super Duty: 1 ton plus (15,000 lb GVWR max)

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Torque	Notes
4.9 L I6	1992–93	145 hp (108 kW)	265 lb·ft (359 N·m)
4.9 L I6	1994–96	150 hp (110 kW)	260 lb·ft (350 N·m)
5.0 L V8	1992–93	185 hp (138 kW)	270 lb·ft (370 N·m)
5.0 L V8	1994–96	205 hp (153 kW)	275 lb·ft (373 N·m)	195 hp (145 kW) for automatic
5.8 L V8	1992	210 hp (160 kW)	315 lb·ft (427 N·m)
5.8 L V8	1993	200 hp (150 kW)	310 lb·ft (420 N·m)
5.8 L V8	1993–95	240 hp (180 kW)	340 lb·ft (460 N·m)	Lightning only
5.8 L V8	1994–96	210 hp (160 kW)	325 lb·ft (441 N·m)
7.5 L V8	1992–93	230 hp (170 kW)	390 lb·ft (530 N·m)
7.5 L V8	1994–97	245 hp (183 kW)	395 lb·ft (536 N·m)
7.3 L Diesel V8	1992–94	185 hp (138 kW)	360 lb·ft (490 N·m)	IDI
7.3 L Diesel V8	1992.5–94	190 hp (140 kW)	390 lb·ft (530 N·m)	IDI Turbo
7.3 L Diesel V8	1994–97	235 hp (175 kW)	425 lb·ft (576 N·m)	Direct injection Turbo, Powerstroke

The 7.5L and diesel engines were not available on the F-150, and the 4.9L and 5.0L were not available on the F-350 or F-450.

1994 F-150, Front View   1994 F-150, Rear View   1994 F-150 Flareside with an extended cab   F-350 Crew Cab diesel   1995-1997 F600/F700 cargo truck

Tenth generation (1997–2004)

Tenth generation

Also called	Ford Lobo (Mexico)
Production	1997–2004
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Kansas City, Missouri, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil Louisville, Kentucky, USA Oakville, Ontario, Canada Valencia, Venezuela
Body style	2-door pickup 3-door pickup 4-door pickup
Platform	Ford P platform
Engine	4.2 L (256 CID) Essex V6 4.6 L (281 CID) Triton V8 5.4 L (330 CID) Triton V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Wheelbase	119.9 in (3,045 mm) 138.5 in (3,518 mm) 157.1 in (3,990 mm)
Length	202.2 in (5,136 mm) 220.8 in (5,608 mm) 225.9 in (5,738 mm) 239.4 in (6,081 mm)
Width	78.4 in (1,991 mm) 79.1 in (2,009 mm) (Crew Cab)
Related	Lincoln Blackwood Ford Expedition Lincoln Navigator

Ford took the aero styling further for 1997 with a rounded nose on the new F-series. Since it was the F-150's first major redesign since 1980, the redesigned truck went on a nation-wide 87-stop tour to Ford plants and the external part suppliers in October, 1995 prior to its release.^[26] To build anticipation for the redesigned truck, the 1997 model was released in January 1996 with the first ad campaigns airing during Super Bowl XXX. Because of the radical styling, Ford predicted that traditional truck buyers wouldn't receive the radical and car-like 1997 too well, so it continued to produce and sell the previous 1996 model alongside the redesigned 1997 model for a few months.^[27]

The regular F-250 (light-duty) was basically an F-150 with the same body panels but with a heavy-duty Sterling 10.5 axle and suspension, along with 7 lug wheels. Additionally, the F-250 Light Duty also offered a load leveling rear suspension system. The F-250 HD (Heavy Duty) was in the same series as the F-350. With the arrival of the all new 1999 "Super Duty" series in early 1998, the standard F-250 ('light-duty'), F-250HD (Heavy Duty), & F-350 line was totally dropped and the F-250 (light-duty), which was a temporary model from the start, became the "7700" package for the F-150 (noted on the tailgate emblem).

Completely new, more efficient engines were offered beginning in 1997. A 4.2 L OHV V6, based on Ford's 3.8 L Essex V6, replaced the 4.9 L OHV I6, while 4.6 and 5.4 liter SOHC V8s replaced the 5.0 and 5.8 liter OHV V8s, also the 7.5 liter big block V8 was replaced by the 6.8 liter V10 for the super duty models respectively. The 4.6 and 5.4 liter V8s were marketed under the name "Triton" and mark the first use of Ford's Modular Single Overhead Cam (SOHC) engines in the F-Series pickups. Ford's own 8.8 IFS replaced the Dana 44 front end, while the Ford 8.8 rear remained. The Ford Sterling 9.75 axle was also optioned in heavy-duty versions. In 2000 the Sterling 10.25 axle became an option.

A wide variety of body options were available: regular cab and SuperCab, standard or flareside boxes, and short and long beds. A new Lightning was introduced in 1999, and Harley-Davidson and King Ranch versions were also created. In 2001 the SuperCrew cab was introduced with four full-size doors. In 2002, an FX4 model was introduced which came with skid plates,a carbon steel frame, Rancho shock absorbers, and specific 17" aluminum wheels along with more standard features that were optional on XLT. In 2003, a sporty STX trim package was introduced, aimed at younger truck buyers. The STX package featured color keyed front/rear bumpers along with clear lens headlights and integrated round fog lamps. The package also featured chrome step rails, 17" chrome wheels, and a Kenwood Z828 stereo was installed in place of the standard Ford radio.

Ford F-150 Flareside   Ford F-150 SVT Lightning   Ford F-150 King Ranch SuperCrew   Ford F-150 Harley Davidson   1997–1998 Ford F-250   1999–2003 Ford F-150 SuperCab long bed   1997–1998 Ford F-150 SuperCab XLT   2003 F-150 Super Crew Off Road 4×4

This generation F-150 received an overall "Poor" rating by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in the frontal offset test,^[28] and was ranked the 2nd Worst Performing Vehicle behind the 1997–2005 GM U-platform minivans.

Sales of the F-150 surged in the tenth generation from 750,000 to over 900,000 in 2001 as the General Motors and Dodge products lagged. Ford's sales dropped, however, for the final years of this generation as the redesigned Dodge trucks were released.

The new F-150 was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year for 1997.^[29] The grille was updated in 1999 with minor interior updates as well. The SuperCrew was added to the lineup in 2001. Ford manufactured a limited run of "Heritage" F-150s of this body style in 2004 (as 2004 model years) to finish out production.

Ford has found that the cruise control system in many of their trucks could catch fire, because the switch system could corrode over time, overheat and ignite. Ignition was later blamed on spillage from the adjacent master cylinder. On March 5, 2007 Ford recalled 155,000 2003 full-size pickups and full-size SUVs for the defective part. During the previous two years Ford had recalled 5.8 million vehicles in because of the defective cruise control systems in trucks, SUVs and vans. That recall, one of the largest in history, covered vehicles from the 1994–2002 model years.^[30]

This generation of F-150 was sold in Mexico until the twelfth generation 2010 model was released there.

Engines:

Engine	Years	Power	Torque	Notes
4.2 L Essex V6	1997–2003	202 hp (151 kW)	252 lb·ft (342 N·m)
4.6 L Triton V8	1997–98	220 hp (160 kW)	280 lb·ft (380 N·m)
4.6 L Triton V8	1999–2003	231 hp (172 kW)	293 lb·ft (397 N·m)
5.4 L Triton V8	1997–98	235 hp (175 kW)	330 lb·ft (450 N·m)
5.4 L Triton V8	1999–2003	260 hp (190 kW)	350 lb·ft (470 N·m)
5.4 L Supercharged Triton V8	1999–2000	360 hp (270 kW)	450 ft·lbf (610 N·m)	Lightning
5.4 L Supercharged Triton V8	2001–2003	380 hp (280 kW)	450 ft·lbf	Lightning
5.4 L Supercharged Triton V8	1999–2003	340 hp (250 kW)	425 ft·lbf	Harley-Davidson
6.8 L Triton V10	1999–2003	310 hp (230 kW)	425  ft·lbf|| Super Duty Only
7.3 L Power Stroke Turbo Diesel V8	1999–2003	250 hp (190 kW)	500 ft·lbf	Super Duty Only

Eleventh generation (2004–2008)

Eleventh generation

Also called	Ford Lobo (Mexico)
Production	2004–2008
Assembly	Cuautitlan, Mexico Dearborn, Michigan, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Norfolk, Virginia, USA Valencia, Venezuela
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Platform	Ford P2 platform
Engine	4.2 L (256 CID) Essex V6 4.6 L (281 CID) Triton V8 5.4 L (330 CID) Triton V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Wheelbase	SuperCab w/ 8' box 163.0 <126.0 in (Reg. Cab, short box) SuperCab XL & Lariat: 145 in SuperCab STX/FX4/XLT: 133 in Crew Cab: 139 in (3,531 mm)
Length	Regular Cab: 211.2 in Ext. cab XL & Lariat: 229.8 in Ext. cab STX/FX4/XLT: 217.8 in Crew Cab: 223.8 in (5,685 mm)
Width	78.9 in
Height	73.5–76.1 in
Related	Lincoln Mark LT

In 2004, Ford redesigned the F-150 using the new P2 platform. The side windows also changed to a Kenworth "Daylight Door" and Ford Super Duty-like appearance; dipping towards the front of the door. Initially, only Ford's 4.6 L Triton or new 3-valve 5.4 L 3V Triton V8 engines and four-speed automatic transmissions were offered to the retail public on the new trucks. In 2005, Ford's 4.2 L Essex V6 and manual transmission became available and standard on base models after they were available only for fleet orders for 2004.

The F-250 and F-350 Ford Super Duties (on the P3 platform) are a different class (over 8,500 lb (3,900 kg) GVWR) than the regular F-series lineup, although they are still F-series trucks.

Most F-Series have two large "closed loop" front tow hook design (no hooks on some 2wd models) as opposed to conventional open hooks. The F-Series can pull up to 30,000 lb (14,000 kg) with just one hook.

For the 2006 model year beginning in December, 2005, a flex-fuel version of the 3-valve 5.4 L Triton V8 became available. Also for the 2006 model year, an updated front bumper with circular fog lamps and a smaller bumper vent distinguished the 2006-2008 models from the 2004-2005 F-150. Other updates included improved front seats with more supportive side bolstering, and new 20" wheels were available on FX4, Lariat and King Ranch. A navigation system became an option for the first time, being offered on the Lariat and King Ranch, as well as the all-new Harley Davidson trim. Not leaving the XLT unnoticed, Ford offered an XLT Chrome Package, also known as XTR in Canada, as well as a Lariat Chrome package. SIRIUS satellite radio became available on all trims except the XL. The FX4 became more upscale with a Luxury package, making it almost an alternative trim to the Lariat. A Harley-Davidson special edition was offered for 2006, being available in AWD or 2WD, and only in SuperCab. for 2007, a SuperCrew Harley Davidson was offered. Other mid-cycle refresh improvements included Five inch Running boards, traction assist on 2WD V8 models, and an all new "Smokestone Clearcoat Metallic" paint on Lariat only.

For 2007, Ford introduced a complement to the existing FX4 model, the new FX2 Sport package (a 2-wheel-drive truck with an appearance package).

Ford states a properly equipped 2007 F-150 (Long Wheel Base, 2WD model only) can tow up to 11,000 lb (5,000 kg) maximum and 1800–3050 lb maximum payload.

This generation F-150 got top safety ratings (5 stars) from the NHTSA in frontal collisions, and not only got a "Good" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's frontal offset test, but also a Best Pick. The dummy sensors recorded no injuries to any body region.

Saleen offers their own OEM version of the F-150, badged as the S331. Additionally, Roush offers an aftermarket version with similar power. Beginning with the second half of the 2007 model year, Ford offered the Saleen forced-induction package on the Harley edition as an OEM option.

The F-150 Foose Edition debuted in fall 2007 as a 2008 model. Based on an F-150 FX2 Sport, it uses a Roush-developed powertrain. The supercharged 5.4 L V8 puts out 450 hp (340 kW) and 500 lb·ft (680 N·m) of torque.^[31]

Awards, sales accomplishments

The new F-150 earned the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004 and was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year for 2004. It also beat the three-time winning Chevrolet Silverado for Car and Driver magazine's Best Pickup Truck for 2004 and 2005. Additionally, over 939,000 F-Series trucks were sold in 2005, a single-year sales record for trucks.

As a popular fleet vehicle, this generation of the F-Series has garnered a number of awards from fleet management professionals. The 2006 F-150 was named Fleet Truck of the Year by Automotive Fleet and Business Fleet magazines,^[32] and the 2007 models of the F-150, F-250 and F-350 were chosen Best Fleet Value vehicles in their respective categories by automotive data-analysis firm Vincentric.^[33] Winner of the 2006–2007 Golden Icon Award (presented by Travolta Family Entertainment) for "Best Truck".^[34]

Engine	Years	Power	Torque
4.2 L V6	2004–2008	202 hp (151 kW)	260 lb·ft (350 N·m)
4.6 L V8	2004–2007	231 hp (172 kW)	293 lb·ft (397 N·m)
4.6 L V8	2008	248 hp (185 kW)	293 lb·ft (397 N·m)
5.4 L V8	2004–2008	300 hp (220 kW)	365 lb·ft (495 N·m)

Ford F-150 regular cab   2005 F-150 STX SuperCab  Ford F-150 Lariat SuperCrew   2007–2008 F-150 Harley Davidson SuperCrew   2008 F-150 FX2 SuperCrew

Twelfth generation (2009–present)

Twelfth generation

Also called	Ford Lobo (Mexico) Lincoln Mark LT (Platinum Version, Mexico) Ford F-250 (Venezuela)
Production	2008–present
Assembly	Dearborn, Michigan, USA Kansas City, Missouri, USA Valencia, Venezuela Cuautitlan, Mexico
Body style	2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Platform	Ford P2 platform
Engine	3.5 L EcoBoost V6 3.7 L Cyclone V6 4.6 L (281 CID) 2V V8 4.6 L (281 CID) 3V V8 5.0 L (302 CID) Coyote V8 5.4 L (330 CID) 3V V8 6.2 L (379 CID) 2V V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic 6-speed automatic
Wheelbase	126 in (3,200 mm) (short bed) 144.5 in (3,670 mm) (long bed) 163 in (4,140 mm) (ext. cab, 8' bed) 138.5 in (3,518 mm) (Crew Cab)
Length	Regular Cab Short Bed: 211.2 in (5,364 mm) Regular & Extended Cab Long Bed: 229.8 in (5,837 mm) Extended Cab Short Bed: 217.8 in (5,532 mm) Extended Cab 8' Bed: 248.4 in (6,309 mm) Crew Cab: 223.8 in (5,685 mm)
Width	78.9 in
Height	73.5–76.5 in (1,867–1,943 mm)

Ford revealed the next generation 2009 F-150 design at the North American International Auto Show in January, 2008. Production of the series began in October 2008 at Ford's Kansas City Assembly Plant.^[35] The truck features a larger and more flexible interior, an updated three-bar grille, and additional choices of cab styles and trim levels. The chassis includes lighter-weight, high-strength steel for better fuel economy and safety and improved payload and towing capacity. Three engines were initially offered with the 2009 redesign: a revised 5.4 L 3-valve Triton V8 that is E85 capable with an output rating of 320 hp (240 kW) and 395 lb·ft (536 N·m) of torque, a 292 hp (218 kW) 4.6 L 3-valve V8, and a 248 hp (185 kW) 4.6 L 2-valve V8. The 3-valve 5.4 and 4.6 liter V8s are mated to Ford's new 6R80E 6-speed automatic transmission while the 4R75E 4-speed automatic transmission used previously is carried over for the 2-valve 4.6 L V8. The 4.2 L OHV V6 engine, which was previously available, has been dropped due to the closure of the Essex engine plant where it was produced.

A top-of-the-line Platinum edition F-150 replaced the Lincoln Mark LT truck.^[36] However, this trim line is still sold as the Lincoln Mark LT in Mexico.

The 2009 Ford F150 features front-seat side impact airbags and Ford's Safety Canopy System for the first and second rows as Head protection in the event of a side impact. It will also feature Ford's exclusive ADVANCETRAC RSC (Roll Stability Control)--an Electronic Stability control and anti-rollover safety feature also available in other Ford vehicles, from the Fusion to the Expedition.

The manual transmission option was dropped in 2009. 2009 was the last year when Flareside Box was available, and the last year when the 17" wheels for the FX4 Off-Road were available. In 2010 the only box will be Styleside, and the base wheels for FX4 will be 18".

For the 2011 model year, an all-new engine lineup is offered. Two of the engines, a 3.7 L V6 and a 5.0 L V8, are based on the 2011 Ford Mustang engines, and both offer E85 flex-fuel capability. The 6.2 L V8 used in the 2011 Ford Super Duty is available with the F-150 Platinum, Lariat, SVT Raptor, and Harley Davidson editions. Finally, the 3.5 L direct-injected twin-turbo EcoBoost V6 was offered in the F-150 starting in early 2011. All engines are paired with a new six-speed automatic transmission (6R80).^[37] Electric power-assisted steering is available on all engines besides the 6.2. Since 2008, the Ford F-150 has towing and hauling capacity of 11,300 lbs and 3,060 lbs, respectively.

Engine	Years	Power	Torque
4.6 L (281 CID) 2V V8	2009–2010	248 hp (185 kW) @ 4750 rpm	294 lb·ft (399 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
4.6 L (281 CID) 3V V8	2009–2010	292 hp (218 kW) @ 5700 rpm	320 lb·ft (430 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
5.4 L (330 CID) 3V V8	2009–2010	310 hp (230 kW) @ 5000 rpm	365 lb·ft (495 N·m) @ 3500 rpm
5.4 L (330 CID) 3V V8 (E85)	2009–2010	320 hp (240 kW) @ 5000 rpm	390 lb·ft (530 N·m) @ 3500 rpm
3.7 L Ti-VCT V6 4V	2011	302 hp (225 kW) @ 6500 rpm	278 lb·ft (377 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
3.5 L 4V Ecoboost V6	2011	365 hp (272 kW) @ 5000 rpm	420 lb·ft (570 N·m) @ 2500 rpm
5.0 L (302 CID) 4V V8	2011	360 hp (270 kW) @ 5500 rpm	380 lb·ft (520 N·m) @ 4250 rpm
6.2 L (379 CID) 2V V8	2011	411 hp (306 kW) @ 5500 rpm	434 lb·ft (588 N·m) @ 4500 rpm
6.2 L (379 CID) 2V V8 (SVT Raptor)	2010–2011	411 hp (306 kW) @ 5500 rpm	434 lb·ft (588 N·m) @ 4500 rpm [38]

Ford originally planned to reintroduce the F-100, known internally as P525, as global replacement for Ford Ranger in 2010 or 2011,^[39] but the plan was cancelled, instead offering EcoBoost engines for the F-150.^[40]

Safety

The F-150 comes standard with AdvanceTrac Electronic Stability Control, front and rear row side curtain airbags, and front row torso side airbags. In the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) crash tests the F150 received the Good overall score in both front and side impact tests and was given the Top Safety Pick award.^[41]

The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) F150 crash test results:^[42]

• Frontal Driver:
• Frontal Passenger:
• Side Driver:
• Side Rear Passenger:
• 2wd Rollover:
• 4wd Rollover:

Concepts

At the 2008 SEMA show, four 2009 Ford F-150s were unveiled: the F-150 Heavy Duty DEWALT Contractor, the FX-4 by X-Treme Toyz, the F-150 by Street Scene Equipment, and the Hi-Pa Drive F-150. The Heavy Duty DEWALT Contractor was built in a DeWalt theme. The FX-4, also called Fahrenheit F-150, was built for outdoor lifestyle enthusiasts. The Street Scene Equipment version is a lowered truck built with performance and style. The Hi-Pa Drive F-150 was powered by 4 electric in-wheel motors rated over 480 hp (360 kW) and over 375 ft·lbf (508 N·m) torque combined.^[43]

Special models

SVT Lightning

The SVT Lightning is a sports/performance version of the F-150, released by Ford's SVT (Special Vehicle Team) division.

1993-1995

Ford introduced the Lightning in 1993 to compete with primarily the Chevrolet 454 SS, in an effort to enhance the sporty, personal-use image of the Ford F-Series pickup. This initial Lightning featured performance handling developed by world-champion driver Jackie Stewart. The Lightning was powered by a special 240 hp (180 kW) version of the 351 cu in (5.8 L) V8 engine. The Lightning shared its basic platform structure with the regular F-150, but modifications were made to many vehicle systems, including enhancing the Lightning chassis to increase rigidity. The stock Lightning was capable of achieving 0.88 g lateral acceleration, yet it retained almost all the hauling and trailering capabilities of the parent F-Series. A 351 cu in (5.8 L) Windsor V8 producing 240 hp (179 kW) and 340 ft·lbf (461 N·m) of torque replaced the standard F-150 engine. The engine was based on an existing block, but Ford engineers fitted it with high flow rate "GT40" heads and used hypereutectic pistons to increase response, output and durability.

An upgraded Ford E40D automatic transmission was the only available transmission. An aluminum driveshaft connected it to 4.10:1 rear gears. Special 17" aluminum wheels with Firestone Firehawk tires, Lightning badging, a front air dam with fog lamps, a 120 mph (190 km/h) speedometer and a special intake manifold all differentiated the Lightning from normal F-150s. Bucket seats with electrically-adjustable side bolsters and lumbar supports were part of the package. Suspension modifications provided a 1 in front and 2.5 in rear drop in ride height.

The 1993 Lightning, launched on 15 December 1992 by Ford President Ed Hagenlocker, received more than 150 favorable articles in America's newspapers, magazines, and television outlets, and helped Ford regain leadership in the personal-use truck market. Three-time World Champion driver Jackie Stewart was highly involved in fine-tuning of the Lightning's handling. Key Ford engineers, managers, and executives involved in developing the original Lightning Performance Truck were Jim Mason, Robert Burnham, Jim Englehart, Terry DeJonckheere, Rory Carpenter, Bob Hommel, Terrell Edgar, Dick Liljestrand, Deb Neill, Adolfo Mejia, and Fred Gregg.

Year	Engine	Power	Torque	Black Trucks	Red Trucks	White Trucks	Total Production
1993	5.8 L Windsor FI V8	240 hp (179 kW)	340 ft·lbf (461 N·m)	2,691	2,585	N/A	5,276
1994				1,382	1,165	1,460	4,007
1995				824	695	761	2,280
Total							11,563

1999-2004

In 1999, after a three-year hiatus, Ford SVT unveiled a new Ford Lightning powered by a modular SOHC 16-valve 5.4 L Triton engine producing 360 horsepower (270 kW) and 440 ft·lbf (600 N·m), with a factory-installed Eaton supercharger. The 4R100 automatic transmission was used, and the rear gear ratio was 3.55:1. The Lightning featured 18" wheels and Goodyear Eagle F1 295/45ZR-18 tires. The suspension system, which lowers the truck one inch in front and two inches in the rear, was also modified from the standard F-150. It retained the front short-and long-arm system with coil springs and a 31 mm solid stabilizer bar along with the rear solid axle with five-leaf springs and a 23 mm solid stabilizer bar. Monroe shocks were used from 1999-2001 then replaced with Bilstein shocks from 2002-2004.

For the 2001 model year, the engine design was slightly altered to produce 380 horsepower (280 kW) @ 4,750 rpm and 450 ft·lbf (610 N·m) @ 3,250 rpm. Also, the previously leaky intercooler was redesigned. This problem was addressed as a recall in earlier models. A cast iron block was used instead of aluminum. These upgrades were critical in order to support the 8 psi (0.55 bar) of boost delivered from the stock Eaton M112 roots supercharger. Another engine revision came in the 2003 Model Year when a weakness in the heads, the lack of sufficient threads for spark plugs, was addressed and fixed, although "piston slap", a mild knocking noise while the engine is cold, was still present. At the other end of the drivetrain, the final drive ratio was shortened to 3.73:1 with an 9.5 inch rear end in 2001. Also, in 2001 the drive shaft was increased in size to a 4.5-inch (110 mm) aluminum unit, from the previous 3.5-inch (89 mm) steel unit. The specially developed 295/45ZR-18 Goodyear Eagle F1-GS unidirectional tires were upgraded utilizing a new generation F1 GS rubber compound. With these engine and drivetrain revisions, Car and Driver magazine drove a Lightning from zero to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.2 seconds. For 2003, the Lightning's cargo capacity was raised from 800 lb (360 kg). to 1,350 lb (610 kg).

The second generation Lightning was initially offered in just Bright Red, Black, and White paint colors. The 2000 Model Year brought the addition of the Silver color to the lineup. In 2002, True Blue, a very dark blue, was offered, but replaced with a lighter Sonic Blue in 2003. The 2003 Model Year also saw the introduction of the Dark Shadow Gray color.

These trucks were manufactured at Ford's Canada Truck Facility in Oakville, Ontario until its closure. Special features specific to the Lightning included:^[44]

• 5.4 L 2V Triton Supercharged Intercooled V8 engine
• Modified 4R100 4-speed automatic transmission with OD lockout
• Limited-slip differential
• Auxiliary transmission fluid cooler
• Eaton supercharger
• Engine super cooling system
• Heavy duty battery
• Unique front fascia with integrated, round fog lamps
• Unique upper and lower grilles
• Unique front lower air deflectors
• Unique cab rocker and lower box moldings
• Unique wheels and tires
• 4-wheel ABS / 4-wheel disc brakes
• Heavy duty front and rear shock absorbers

Year	Engine	Power	Torque	Production
1999	5.4 L supercharged Triton V8	360 hp (268 kW)	440 ft·lbf (597 N·m)	4,000
2000				4,966
2001		380 hp (283 kW)	450 ft·lbf (610 N·m)	6,381
2002				4,726
2003				4,270
2004				3,781
Total				28,124

SVT Raptor

The SVT Raptor entered showrooms in late 2009 as a dedicated off-roader. It debuted in 2010 and sales were much better than expected. It was powered by a 5.4 L (330 CID) engine, with a 6.2 L option. The 6.2 L (379 CID) engine has 411 horsepower (306 kW) and 434 ft·lbf (588 N·m) of torque.^[38] The suggested retail price was $3000 over the 5.4 L model. A six-speed automatic is standard.^[45] It has Fox Racing Shox internal bypass shocks with external reservoirs which allows for 11" of suspension travel in front, and 12" in the rear. It will come standard with 35" BFGoodrich All Terrain tires, and a rear Locking differential with a 4.10:1 gear ratio. Also, it will be available in solid black, white, blue, and orange with a "digital mud" decal scheme as an option.^[46] In April 2011, Ford sold 1,186 Raptors, outselling Honda's Ridgeline.^[47] The first production Raptor, orange with the digital mud graphic, sold at an auction for $130,000. Ford donated all proceeds above the MSRP to charity. The race version, F-150 SVT Raptor R, was built for the Baja 1000 races. It uses a 6.2 L engine rated at 500 hp.^[48]

For 2011, the SVT Raptor would be powered exclusively with the 6.2 L V8 as the only engine choice. Other notable changes to the 2011 SVT Raptor include availability in a 4-door Super Crew cab and a new color option Ingot Silver Metallic making the Raptor available in a total of five colors.^[49]

2012 Raptors eliminated the open differential in the front end in favor of a Torsen helical gear limited slip differential.^[50]

Body, frame, and features

From the A-pillar forward, the Raptor has a composite hood and fenders different from other F-150s and is bereft of the blue oval badge in the grille. SVT widened the track by 7 inches, and so its 5.5-foot box is unique to the Raptor as well.^[51] The Raptor's height is 2 inches over a standard Supercrew. It also features new, internal bypass shocks, designed by Fox Racing Shox.

The Raptor has new leaf springs and shocks, new front upper- and lower-A-arms, and a wider, thicker-walled rear axle. It's the first Ford with hill-descent control and comes with an electronic differential locker that lets the driver keep it locked at high speeds when the Raptor's Off Road Mode is engaged. Off Road Mode is a feature unique to the Raptor which allows more controlled, aggressive driving while in situations where increased traction and braking are necessary. The Raptor's Off Road Mode allows ABS, roll stability control and traction control to be completely turned off giving the driver total control over the driving experience. Off Road Mode also changes the Raptor's throttle sensitivity and transmission shift points causing a more linear power curve for low traction situations.

Towing capacity is up to 8,000 pounds with a 1,770-pound payload (Super Crew only).^[52] Interior changes include high-bolster seats, a special steering wheel, a redesigned center console and auxiliary switches connected to pre-wired pass though leads allowing ease of aftermarket product installation. Ford originally promised a value price and a multi-year run—final pricing came in at $42,000.00 for 2010.

2011 frame issues

In June 2011, a group of 14 Ford F-150 SVT Raptor owners took an off-roading trip, during which 10 of these 14 trucks suffered bent frames. The lack of other damage to the trucks led to speculation about potentially inadequate frame design.^[53] A Ford engineer from SVT stated the trucks were driven too fast and may have even had the Speed limiter removed.^[54]

2010 Harley-Davidson F-150

On February 10, 2009 at the Chicago Auto Show, the latest edition of the F-150 was introduced. Adopting many luxury features of the Platinum Edition, this Harley went one step further by providing leather seating surfaces derived from authentic Harley biker-jacket materials, as well as the requisite exhaust tones and power to reach a top speed of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h).^[55]

F-150 Platinum

Ford ceased sales of the Lincoln Mark LT in the United States and Canada after the 2008 model year.^[56] In its place beginning in the 2009 model year, Ford created an upper-end trim of the 2009 F-150 called F-150 Platinum. Sales continued in Mexico, because the Ford F-150 was sold as the Ford Lobo until the 2010 model was released there.

Motorsports

In 2008, Ford announced its intention to enter Baja 1000 race class 8 race. The race team consisted driver of record Steve Oligos and co-drivers Randy Merritt, Greg Foutz and Bud Brutsman, competing in class eight for moderately modified, full-size pickup trucks.^[57] The vehicle was built in collaboration between the Ford Special Vehicle Team (SVT), Ford Racing, and Foutz Motorsports Inc. Ford F-150 SVT Raptor R completed the 2008 41st Tecate SCORE Baja 1000 race in 25:28:10,^[58] or 3rd rank within the class.^[59]

In Best In The Desert race series, an F150 SVT Raptor R completed the "Terrible's 250" race placing 2nd overall in Class 8000.^[60]

In January 2010 a single Raptor SVT (#439), driven by Chilean driver Javier Campillay, competed in the Argentina-Chile Dakar Rally. However, the truck was unable to finish due a catch-up crash with another car, which had stopped in the middle of a dusty road in the middle of stage 7. In January 2011 two Raptors started in Buenos Aires, Campillay returned with a more reliable Raptor (#375), and American female driver Sue Mead entered with a T2 Raptor(#374). Mead crossed the finish line in Buenos Aires, winning the "Super Production" class; the team has pulled off the first North American class win in Dakar history, and brought the Raptor to the finish after more than 9500 km in some of South America’s harshest environments. Campillay was unable to finish the 12th stage after losing time due to mechanical failure in the 11th stage, leading to his disqualification for not reaching the race camp on time.

Awards and recognition

The Ford F-150 has won numerous awards; In 2009 alone, it received:^[61]

• Motor Trend 2009 Truck of the Year Award
• 2009 Best Redesigned Vehicle from Kelley Blue Book’s kbb.com
• Top honors as "Truck of Texas" as well as "Best Luxury Pickup" for the 2009 F-150 King Ranch from Texas Auto Writers Association
• "Best Overall Half-Ton Pickup" from PickupTrucks.com
• "Automotive Excellence" award in the Workhorse Category from Popular Mechanics
• "Top Safety Pick" from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety for its standard safety technology: Safety Canopy side curtain air bags and AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control
• "Residual Value" award from Automotive Leasing Guide (ALG) for retaining the highest percentage of its original price among 2009 full-size light-duty pickups at the end of a conventional three-year lease, based on ALG projections
• Motor Trend's Truck Trend Top 5 Trucks from Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) for 2009 Ford F-150 Heavy Duty DeWalt Contractor Concept
• "Accessory-Friendly Truck" Design Award from SEMA

Sales

Calendar Year	United States	Canada	Total
1999[62]	869,001
2000	876,716
2001[63]	911,597
2002[64]	813,701
2003	845,586
2004[65]	939,511
2005	901,463
2006[66]	796,039
2007	690,589
2008[67]	515,513
2009[68]	413,625
2010[69]	528,349	97,913 [70]	626,262

Notes

• Ford also manufactures F-Series medium and heavy-duty trucks alongside the F-150, F-250, and F-350s.(F-450, F-550, F-650, F-750). School bus chassis versions were sold as B-Series trucks until 1998. The 1961–1965 Ford Falcon Econoline flat nose pickup trucks and 1961–present vans are E-Series. Parcel delivery vans are P-Series. Big tractor trailer trucks are L-Series. There was also a class 8 cab over called the W-Series in the 60s-70s, replaced by the CL-Series in 1977.

• In Argentina and Brazil, the gasoline engines are often converted to also run with alternative fuels, E-96h (Brazilian-spec ethanol) and CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). Biodiesel also is used in diesel engines.

• Ford also built Right-hand drive versions of the F-Series in Brazil for export to countries that drive on the left side of the road, like the United Kingdom and Australia.

• Prior to the F-650 and F-750 medium-duty trucks, Ford offered F-700, F-800 and F-900 medium-duty trucks that retained the door and aft cab (A-pillar back) style and structure from the previous generation F-Series, along with the dash and instrument cluster (from early 1980s models). Current models are based on the International 4000 Series chassis with a Ford Super Duty cab.

• An F-8000 was also produced based on the Ford Cargo cab-over range, which was similar to the 2006 and newer Ford LCF ("Low Cab Forward").

• In Mexico the 1997–2004 style F-150 is still built and sold with the F-150 having a 4.2L V6 and the F-250 (with the same styling, interior, etc.) having a 4.6L V8. The US-market F-150 is sold as the Ford Lobo.

• Though it was unpopular in the US, the Lincoln Mark LT (an upscale version of the US-market F-150) made up 40% of Lincoln sales in Mexico. Consequentially the Mark LT continues to be sold in Mexico, with the latest model a 'Linconized' F-150 Platinum.^[71]

See also

• Ford Super Duty
• Ford F-650
• Sterling Trucks Bullet pickup

Footnotes

45. ^ White, Joseph. "Ford's New Pickup Line: Like My Tough V-6?" Wall Street Journal 8 August 2010: D1.

46. ^ Lavrinc, Damon. "Spy Shots: 2011 Ford F-150 EcoBoost V6." Auto Blog. 21 May 2010. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.autoblog.com/2010/05/21/spy-shots-2011-ford-f-150-ecoboost-v6/>.

References

• "A Ford F-Series History". Edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/reviews/generations/articles/46026/article.html. Retrieved November 8, 2004. 

Chassis and model spec for 1957–1979 from Ford Master Parts Catalog

External links

• Official site
• Ford Trucks at the Open Directory Project

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